Design, cfd analysis and fabrication of solar flat plate. Glazed flat plate collectors glazed flat plate collectors glazed flat plates are constructed with insulation on their back and sides and are covered by a transparent cover. Flat plate collectors v evacuated tubes a brief overview. For general engineering purposes, these performance curves may be used for ef. The collector focuses, or concentrates, solar energy onto an absorber. In contrast to solar hot water panels, they use a circulating fluid to displace heat to a separated reservoir. Improved pvt solar collectors with heat extraction by. Characteristic values of flatplate and evacuated tube collectors qcoll is the energy collected per unit collector area per unit time fr is the collectors heat removal factor. Solar flat plate collectors solar water heating flat. Components materialof a flat plate collector a flat plate collector is a basic and simple heat absorber which absorbs heat from the sun radiation.
Fluid distribution and investigation of heat transfer on a. Flat plate collectors flat plate collectors are the most common solar collector for solar waterheating systems in homes and solar space heating. The first solar thermal collector designed for building roofs was patented by william. Performance analysis of solar flat plate collector 70 ii. Install fpsc angel r solar radiation 17mjm2 c w winter radiation coefficient 0. Journal of mechatronics, electrical power, and vehicular. The flat plate collector features a low profile design 80mm 3. Flatplate collectors are the most common solar collector for solar waterheating systems in homes and solar space heating. Thus the heat is transferred to the fluid liquid water or oil or gasair passing through pipes attached to the absorber plate by means of convective. International journal of engineering research and general science volume 2. Detailed geometrical and physical parameters of individual. Flat plate collector is a device having an almost flat absorbing surface, with an area equal to the aperture of. Solar thermal collectors technical reference to maintain the standards used across the solar energy industry, many of the calculations and measurements in this workbook are in metric units.
Mod12 lec12 theory of flat plate collectors liquid based a duration. Ansiashrae 961980 ra 1989 methods of testing to determine the thermal performance of unglazed flatplate liquidtype solar collectors. It has been developed so that most details of the collector configuration can be specified. The mathematical model of solar flatplate liquid collector has been transformed into the design tool kolektor 2.
Tracking the sun in both azimuth and elevation, these collectors keep the suns rays normal to the collector surface. Mod12 lec12 theory of flat plate collectors liquid based a. These collectors heat liquid or air at temperatures less. Liquid flat plate collector empire solar collector. More recently, several experimental and theoretical studies on pvtair systems based on the design and operating parameters, such as channel depth and mass. An experimental research was performed to describe the transient behavior of a flat plate collector field under outdoor working conditions. The flat plate systems normally operate and reach the maximum efficiency within the temperature range from 30 to 80 o c kalogirou, 2009, however, some new types of collectors that employ vacuum insulation can achieve higher temperatures up to 100 o c. A typical flatplate collector is an insulated metal box with a glass or plastic cover called the glazing and a darkcolored absorber plate.
Data for twoaxis trackers represent the maximum solar radiation at a site available to a collector. Designing a flat plate solar collector also involves the type of liquid used, the density, viscosity, flowrate. Americas leading distributors and contractors have made the sunearth empire series liquid flat plate collectors the solar professionals first choice. Direct frost resistant system close coupled system thermosyphon. Mod12 lec12 theory of flat plate collectors liquid. The development in solar photovoltaic is an emerging challenge for the solar. In a general case, when measurements of incident solar radiation i t are available, the convenient approximation for the absorbed energy is given by. X apricus fpca flat plate solar collector installation and operation manual.
Also, it is intended to introduce a hybrid system consisting of solar water heater and icemaker, which can satisfy the requirements of both the solar icemaking needs as well as good heat collection. Flatplate collector is a device having an almost flat absorbing surface, with an area equal to the aperture of. Flat plate collectors are an extension of the basic idea to place a collector in an ovenlike box with glass in the direction of the sun. Evacuated tubes a brief overview since their conception, the evacuated tube collector has been commonly heralded around the solar industry as the more efficient collector. Tdl is a fully integrated solar thermal company with the ability to convert raw aluminum and copper into a high technology solar water heating system. This idea has been perpetuated mainly by manufacturers of evacuated tube collectors, but unfortunately their claims are often not. The companys specialization is the glazed liquidflatplate lfp collectors with metal absorbers. The required area of flatplate solar collector to achieve the results is around 6. Working principle of flat plate collectors in flat plate collectors sunlight passes through the glazing and strikes the absorber plate, which heats up, changing solar energy into heat energy. The collector backsheet shall be black polypropylene material.
How flat plate solar collector workprinciple of fivestar flat plate solar. To analyze the performance of solar collectors, the energy equation alone does not account for internal losses, so it is not a sufficient criterion for flat plate solar collector efficiency 3. How flat plate solar collector workprinciple of fivestar. This reduces the heat loss to the surrounding area and therefore improves the performance of the collector compared to an unglazed version. The empire series liquid flat plate collectors the solar professionals first choice. However, we have included factors and equations to convert many of these units from metric to imperial. The design tool is a computer program with userfriendly interface created in visual basic studio environment. Bhatia, in advanced renewable energy systems, 2014. Explain with help of neat sketch any one type showing various energy transfer and. The apricus fpca32 flat plate solar thermal collector is suitable for residential or commercial solar water heating projects. Copper is more expensive, but is a better conductor and less prone to corrosion than aluminum. This guide covers a wide range of energy sources, from manual power to biomass and liquid biofuels to fossil fuels, machinery powered by grid electricity or by photovoltaic generation, and work performed by harnessing wind.
A total flat plate solar collector fpsc surface area 4m2 45. Flatplate collectors flatplate collectors are the most common solar collector for solar waterheating systems in homes and solar space heating. The absorber plate shall be 1050 aluminum sheet with a minimum thickness of 0. Liquid flat plate collector solar flat plate collector is one of the important applications in solar thermal system. International journal of engineering research and general. Technical note numerical analysis of two dimensional. Flatplate and evacuatedtube solar collectors are mainly used to collect heat for space heating, domestic hot water, or cooling with an absorption chiller. The simulation results show that by increasing these a water temperature up to 33. Schematic of a flat plate solar collector with liquid transport medium. Provides test methods for determining thermal performance of unglazed flatplate liquidtype solar energy collector modules that heat a liquid for low temperature applications. The casing is designed to provide simplicity for mounting and dismounting the system.
Flatplate collector an overview sciencedirect topics. Concentrating collectorsthe area intercepting solar radiation is greater, sometimes hundreds of times greater, than the absorber area. A typical flat plate collector is an insulated metal box with a glass or plastic cover called the glazing and a darkcolored absorber plate. Sppmonarch solar flat plate collector the sppmonarch is our high performance solar flat plate collector. The sides and bottom of the collector are usually insulated to minimize heat loss. How flat plate solar collector workprinciple of fivestar flat plate solar collector. Flatplate collectors are a very useful tool for low to medium temperature heat. A typical flatplate collector is a metal box with a glass or plastic cover called glazing on top and a darkcolored absorber plate on the bottom. Most flat plate collectors have two horizontal pipes at the top and bottom, called headers, and many smaller vertical pipes connecting them, called risers. Silver nanofluid, flat plate solar collector, thermal performance.
The collector is well insulated using a high temperature resistance insulation that minimizes. Flat plate solar collectors, solar collector apricus. Solar air heating systems use fans to move air through flatplate collectors and into the interior of buildings. Due to the introduction of selective coatings, the stagnant fluid temperature in flat plate collectors has been shown to reach 200 o c. Flat plate collector as known now was developed by hottel and whillier in the 1950s. The solar radiation is absorbed by the black plate and transfers heat to the fluid in the tubes. Introduction thailand locates near the equator which has high solar radiation by around 18 mjm2day 2003 2, the standard of water mass flow rate is 1 therefore, solar water heating systems are now becoming popular in some industries.
635 887 287 482 1121 843 211 32 1482 1385 1500 178 1174 1275 636 472 1120 1169 1093 951 895 270 164 892 719 1152 726 618 459 658 58 438 362 1341 133 719 997 168 208 1174 1074